Snails show their true colours: rate of evolutionary divergence in the shell colour polymorphism of Cepaea nemoralis
Govert LM Kwarten, Menno Schilthuizen
This study examines the rate of evolutionary divergence in shell colour polymorphism of Cepaea nemoralis over 95 to 325 years, finding increased divergence with age but no equilibrium.
bioRxiv · Sep 17, 2026 · PreprintEvolutionary Biology