4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde Attenuates Isoproterenol-induced Cardiac Fibrosis via TGF-β-Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway
Zhongcao Liu, Wei He, Fanglan Liu, Haifei Mao, jian chen
This study shows that 4-HBA reduces cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway in both in vivo and in vitro models.
bioRxiv · Aug 26, 2026 · PreprintMolecular Biology