Improving the learning curve in monoportal endoscopic lumbar surgery: development and validation of a porcine training model.
Laura Olías-Ortiz, Rafael Blanco, Gloria Abizanda-Sarasa, Isabel Lacave-Mas, Carmen Valverde-Gestoso, Matías Alfonso
The paper develops and validates a porcine model for training in lumbar endoscopic surgery, showing a learning curve effect with reduced operative times.
PLoS ONE · Feb 20, 2026Peer-reviewedNeuroscience