Indirect effects on fitness between individuals that have never met via an extended phenotype
D. Fisher, J. A. Haines, S. Boutin, B. Dantzer, J. E. Lane, D. W. Coltman, A. G. McAdam
The paper shows that red squirrels' hoarding behavior, an extended phenotype, influences future individuals' fitness and resource acquisition without direct interaction.
bioRxiv · Oct 13, 2018Ecology