First indication of acetylcholine-based communication in honeybee haemocytes and its modulation by a neonicotinoid insecticide
T. Pamminger, K. Basley, D Goulson, WOH Hughes
The paper shows honeybee haemocytes express nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and synthesize acetylcholine, suggesting an immune signaling system independent of the nervous system, and demonstrates that clothianidin disrupts this system.
bioRxiv · Feb 3, 2017 · PreprintEcology