Fitness costs of parasitism depend on fine-scale density and resource availability in a wild ungulate
Adam Z. Hasik, Alison Morris, Sean J. Morris, Katie Maris, Shane Butt, Amy R. Sweeny, Josephine M. Pemberton, Gregory F. Albery
This study examines how parasitism, density, and resource availability interact to affect survival and fecundity in wild red deer across their lifespan.
bioRxiv · Apr 9, 2026 · PreprintEcology