Nest defense intensity does not vary with time of day in American Herring Gulls (Larus smithsonianus)
Shailee S. Shah, Maddie E. Ellms, Frances Dygean, Scarlett Gunasekera, Emily Hart, Reka E Ivanyi, Morgan Lane, David Liu, DeAnna Pitcher, Abigail Saucier, Kathleen F. Schroeder, Joseph Triquet, Kit M. Williams, Kristen M. Covino
This study examines diurnal variation in nest defense intensity of American Herring Gulls and finds no significant difference across time periods.
bioRxiv · Jun 13, 2025 · PreprintAnimal Behavior & Cognition