L. Zusi

Steering clear of the confusion effect: aerial predators target fixed points in dense prey aggregations

The paper shows that aerial predators target fixed points in dense prey aggregations rather than individual prey, simplifying their sensory demands and increasing the likelihood of confusion effects in sparse groups.

Aerial attack strategies of bat-hunting hawks, and the dilution effect of swarming

This study examines how bat swarming behavior affects predation risk by hawks, finding that swarming reduces bat risk but does not hinder hawk catch success, which depends on specific aerial maneuvers.