The development of trait anxiety in nonhuman primates during the first year of life
Rachel Puralewski, Nakul Aggarwal, Jonathan A. Oler, Patrick H. Roseboom, Lauren Parkins, Marissa K. Riedel, Carissa Boettcher, Ned H. Kalin
This study tracks anxious temperament development in nonhuman primates over their first year, finding linear increases and stable individual differences in threat-related behaviors and cortisol levels.
Developmental Science · Jan 21, 2026Peer-reviewedAnimal Behavior & Cognition