3-Phenylpropionic acid, a microbiota-derived polyphenol metabolite linked to hippuric acid, ameliorates colitis as a colon-enriched PPAR-γ agonist
Liyuan Xiang, Wanrong Luo, Wenjie Zhang, Wenhua Lai, Xueting Wu, Shuyu Zhuo, Boya Feng, Sifan Chen, Shuguang Fang, Minhu Chen, Peng Bai, Rui Feng, Yijun Zhu
This study identifies 3-phenylpropionic acid (3-PPA) as a colon-enriched PPAR-γ agonist derived from polyphenol metabolism, which ameliorates colitis in mice and highlights its potential as a microbiota-targeted therapeutic for Crohn's disease.
bioRxiv · Nov 25, 2025 · PreprintMicrobiology