Withdrawal from repeated nicotine vapor exposure increases somatic signs of physical dependence, anxiety-like behavior, and brain reward thresholds in adult male rats.
Michelle Martínez, Veronika E. Espinoza, Valeria Garcia, Kevin P. Uribe, Kenichiro Negishi, Igor L. Estevao, Luis M. Carcoba, Laura E. O’Dell, Arshad M. Khan, Ian A. Mendez
This study examines the effects of nicotine vapor withdrawal in rats, finding increased plasma cotinine, somatic signs, anxiety-like behavior, and elevated reward thresholds.
Neuropharmacology · Dec 1, 2023Peer-reviewedNeuroscience