Widespread sex-biased gene expression reflects female-biased longevity in a species with environmental sex determination
Samantha L. Bock, Luke A. Hoekstra, Kelsi Hagerty, Robert E. Schmidt, Jessica Martin Judson, Maxwell Adorsoo, Ritambhara Singh, Fredric J. Janzen, Anne M. Bronikowski
The paper identifies sex-biased gene expression and age-related patterns in painted turtles, linking female-biased longevity to molecular differences without sex chromosomes.
bioRxiv · Nov 26, 2025 · PreprintEcology