Low extent of sex-based venom variation in Earth's most widespread viper, the common adder (Vipera berus)
Lennart Schulte, Miguel Engelhardt, Johanna Eichberg, Alfredo Cabrera‐Orefice, Harry Wölfel, Maik Damm, Ignazio Avella, Benno Kreuels, Kornelia Hardes, Johannes Andreas Eble, Andreas Vilcinskas, Tim Lüddecke
The paper investigates sex-based venom variation in the common adder, finding minimal differences in venom profiles and bioactivity between sexes.
bioRxiv · Mar 27, 2025 · PreprintBiochemistry