A Synthetic Coolant (WS-23) in Electronic Cigarettes Disrupts Normal Development of Human Embryonic Cells
Shabnam Etemadi, Mohamed Debich, Prue Talbot
This study shows that WS-23, a synthetic coolant in e-cigarettes, disrupts human embryonic cell development by inhibiting pluripotency and inducing endoderm differentiation at nanomolar concentrations.
bioRxiv · Aug 20, 2025 · PreprintDevelopmental Biology