Osmia bicornis is rarely an adequate regulatory surrogate species. Comparing its acute sensitivity towards multiple insecticides with regulatory Apis mellifera endpoints.
P. Uhl, O. Awanbor, R. S. Schulz, C. A. Brühl
The paper compares the acute toxicity of insecticides in Osmia bicornis and Apis mellifera, finding O. bicornis less sensitive in most cases.
PLOS ONE · Aug 8, 2019Peer-reviewedEcology