Spike antibodies targeting GRP78 predispose to cardiovascular complications compared to Dengue
Supratim Sarker, Trina Roy, Abinash Mallick, S. K. Das, Sarakam Dharma Teja, Arun Bandyopadhyay, Abhishek De, Surajit Gorai, Subhajit Biswas
The paper compares cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 and Dengue by analyzing immune complexes and GRP78 levels, finding spike antibodies contribute to vascular injury through cross-binding to GRP78.
bioRxiv · May 21, 2026 · PreprintMicrobiology