Heritable morphology-environment correlations among lake populations of threespine stickleback
Alex Yeung, Ben A. Flanagan, Heather Alexander, Emma S. Choi, John L. Berini, Abigail Albright, Caroline Szajada, Nataly Vargas, Julian Flanagan, Edith Reyes Contreras, Peaches Cooper, Mehreen Shahid, Penelope Steffen, Fahad Gilani, Ana Santacruz, , Daniel I. Bolnick
The paper reared stickleback embryos from 27 lake populations in a lab to determine if trait-environment correlations reflect heritable evolution or plasticity, finding both heritable and plastic traits.
bioRxiv · Sep 3, 2026 · PreprintEvolutionary Biology