Xiao Song

UhAVR1, an HR-triggering avirulence effector of Ustilago hordei, is secreted via the ER-Golgi pathway to the cytosol of barley coleoptile cells and contributes to virulence early in infection.

The paper identifies UhAVR1 as an avirulence effector secreted via the ER-Golgi pathway in Ustilago hordei, which triggers hypersensitive response in resistant barley or contributes to virulence in susceptible hosts.

Comparative analysis highlights variable genome content of wheat rusts and divergence of the mating loci.

The paper compares the genomes of three wheat rust pathogens to identify gene content variation and divergence in mating loci, highlighting differences in genome size, heterozygosity, and effector expression.