Individual heartbeats track distinct prediction processes during human probabilistic learning
Maria Azanova, Lina I. Skora, Alina A. Studenova, Esra Al, Vadim V. Nikulin, Arno Villringer
The paper shows that individual heartbeats reflect distinct prediction processes during human probabilistic learning, with specific cardiac responses linked to anticipation, orienting, and feedback-based updating.
bioRxiv · Aug 24, 2026 · PreprintNeuroscience