Sympathetic activation and the force-frequency relationship in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Sam Straw, Ankit Gupta, Beatrice Bretherton, Charlotte A. Cole, Oliver Ian Brown, Stephe Kamalathasan, Michael Drozd, Judith E. Lowry, Julie Corrigan, Maria F. Paton, Ruth Vassar Burgess, Mark T. Kearney, Richard M. Cubbon, Klaus Karl Witte, John Gierula
This study examines the relationship between heart rate, sympathetic activation, and the force-frequency relationship in HFrEF patients and controls, finding a bidirectional link with optimal heart rate targets likely being individual.
bioRxiv · Sep 1, 2026 · PreprintPhysiology