Higher-order epistasis drives evolutionary unpredictability toward novel antibiotic resistance
Ilona Kamila Gaszek, Muhammed Sadik Yildiz, Devin Meng, Jose Alberto de la Paz, Sophia Maria Alvarez, Faruck Morcos, Milo M. Lin, Erdal Toprak
This study constructs a comprehensive mutant library of TEM-1 beta-lactamase and shows that higher-order epistasis drives unpredictable evolution of antibiotic resistance to novel substrates.
bioRxiv · Jul 8, 2025 · PreprintEvolutionary Biology