Xiamin Leng

This study identifies distinct neural regions associated with reward and punishment influences on cognitive control using fMRI and a multi-incentive task, revealing how these incentives shape control strategies and mental effort.

This study shows that slower transitions between cognitive control states in older adults reduce cognitive flexibility, despite preserved ability to reach target states when given sufficient time.

The paper demonstrates control adjustment costs when people change goals and validates a dynamical systems model explaining these costs through four experiments.

This study shows that allowing inclusive choices reduces decision-making costs by decreasing competition between options and participant conflict.

This study examines how challenge level and reward size affect mental effort, stress, and affect during a cognitive task, finding that higher challenge and rewards increase effort but also stress, while rewards alone boost positive affect.

The paper shows that aversive outcomes influence mental effort allocation based on motivational context, with participants adjusting caution or efficiency depending on whether the outcome is punishment or reinforcement.

This paper investigates how reward and punishment differentially influence cognitive control strategies, showing that they affect effort allocation in distinct ways.