Experimental characterization of zeta viruses and discovery of betaviroid-like RNAs expand the diversity of coding circular RNA replicons
Nadia Serale, Michela Chiumenti, Paolo Mussano, Silvia Rotunno, Francesco Venice, Gianni Della Rocca, Massimo Turina, Antonietta Mello, Laura Miozzi, Francesco Di Serio, Beatriz Navarro
The paper experimentally characterizes zeta viruses and discovers betaviroid-like RNAs, confirming their circular structure, ribozyme activity, and replication mechanisms.
bioRxiv · Sep 19, 2026 · PreprintMicrobiology