ATP and glutamate coordinate contractions in the freshwater sponge Ephydatia muelleri
Vanessa Ho, Greg G. Goss, Sally P. Leys
This study shows ATP and glutamate work together in freshwater sponges to trigger whole-body contractions, suggesting ancient signaling mechanisms predating nervous systems.
Journal of Experimental Biology · Feb 1, 2025Peer-reviewedPhysiology