Endemic koloa maoli (Hawaiian Duck, Anas wyvilliana) shows preferential social associations, but not based on plumage or genetic relatedness
P Keerthipriya, Christopher P. Malachowski, Bruce D. Dugger, Kimberly J. Uyehara, Andrew Engilis, Philip Lavretsky, Caitlin P. Wells
This study examines social associations and spatial genetic structure in koloa maoli, finding no preference for mallard-like plumage or genetic relatedness in social bonds, and no spatial genetic structuring within refuges.
bioRxiv · Feb 3, 2026 · PreprintAnimal Behavior & Cognition