Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in South America, 2022-2025: temporality, affected species, and the southwards expansion to the Antarctic region.
Fernanda Sánchez-Rodríguez, Constanza Díaz-Gavidia, Soledad Ruíz, Pedro Jiménez-Bluhm
This paper documents the spread of H5N1 HPAI in South America and Antarctica, identifies multiple introduction events, and highlights interspecies transmission and ecological risks.
bioRxiv · Oct 3, 2025 · PreprintMicrobiology