Genomic Insights of an Andean Multi-resistant Soil Actinobacterium of Biotechnological Interest

Central Andean Ecosystems (between 2000 and 6000 masl) are typical arid to semiarid environments suffering from the highest total solar and UVB radiation on the planet but displaying numerous salt flats and shallow lakes. Isolated from these environments, Andean Microbial Communities (AME) of exceptional biodiversity endures multiple severe conditions. Also, the poly-extremophilic nature of AMEs microbes indicates the potential for biotechnological applications. In this context, the presented study used genome mining and physiological characterization to reveal the multi-resistant profile of Nesterenkonia sp. Act20, an actinobacterium isolated from the soil surrounding Lake Socompa, Salta, Argentina (3570 m). UV-B, desiccation, and copper assays showed the strains exceptional resistance to all these factors. Act20s genome presented coding sequences involving antibiotics, low temperatures, UV and arsenic resistance, nutrient limiting conditions, osmotic stress response, low atmospheric oxygen pressure, heavy metal stress, and resistance to fluoride and chlorite. Act20 can also synthesize proteins and natural products such as an insecticide, bacterial cellulose, ectoine, bacterial hemoglobin, and even antibiotics like colicin V and aurachin C. We also found numerous enzymes for animal and vegetal biomass degradation and application in other industrial processes. The herein report shed light on the microbial adaptation to high-altitude environments, its possible extrapolation for studying other extreme environments of relevance, and its application to industrial and biotechnological processes. HIGHLIGHTSO_LIArid Andean Soils are attractive sources of microbial strains useful in biotechnological processes. C_LIO_LIPhysiological studies revealed the multi-resistant nature of the poly-extremophile Nesterenkonia sp. Act20. C_LIO_LIAct20s genome analysis showed a complete set of genes coding for proteins involved in resistance to multiple stresses, including extremoenzymes and extremolytes. C_LI