Biasing AlphaFold2 to predict GPCRs and Kinases with user-defined functional or structural properties

Determining the three-dimensional structure of proteins in their native functional states has been a longstanding challenge in structural biology. While experimental methods combined with integrative structural biology has been the most effective way to get high accuracy structures and mechanistic insights for larger proteins, advances in deep machine-learning algorithms have paved the way to fully computational predictions. In this field, AlphaFold2 (AF2) pioneered ab initio high accuracy single chain modeling. Since then, different customizations expanded the number of conformational states accessible through AF2. Here, we further extended AF2 with the aim of enriching an ensemble of models with user-defined functional or structural features. We tackled two common protein families for drug discovery, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and Kinases. Our approach automatically identifies the best templates satisfying the specified features and combines those with genetic information. We also introduced the possibility of shuffling the selected templates to expand the space of solutions. In our benchmark, models showed the intended bias and great accuracy. Our protocol can thus be exploited for modeling user-defined conformational states in automatic fashion.