Genetic analysis of the STIM1 gene in chronic pancreatitis

Abstract

Chronic pancreatitis is a complex disease that involves many factors, both genetic and environmental. Over the past two decades, molecular genetic analysis of five genes that are highly expressed in human pancreatic acinar cells, namely PRSS1, PRSS2, SPINK1, CTRC and CTRB1/CTRB2, has established that a trypsin-dependent pathway plays a key role in the etiology of chronic pancreatitis. Since Ca2+ deregulation can lead to intracellular trypsin activation in experimental acute pancreatitis, we analyzed STIM1 (encoding stromal interaction molecule-1, the main regulator of Ca2+ homeostasis in pancreatic acinar cells) as a candidate modifier gene in French, German and Chinese patients with chronic pancreatitis. The French and German subjects were analyzed by Sanger sequencing whereas the Chinese subjects were analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing confirmed by Sanger sequencing. A total of 37 rare coding variants (35 missense and 2 nonsense) were identified, which were enriched in patients as compared with controls [2.28% (47/2,057) vs. 0.99% (33/3,322); odds ratio = 2.33, P = 0.0001]. This is the first large case-control study to demonstrate a putative association of rare STIM1 coding variants with chronic pancreatitis. Functional analysis will be required to clarify whether or not the rare STIM1 variants detected predispose to pancreatitis.