Habitat preference influences response to changing agricultural landscapes in two long-horned bees.

Agricultural intensification and urban development have drastically influenced pollinators living in semi-natural grasslands. Pollinators are likely to have different responses to these land-use changes; some decline rapidly while others maintain or increase their populations. We predicted differences in interspecific response to land-use changes are partly attributed to differences in habitat preference. We examined the distribution and flower use patterns of two closely related Eucera species with different habitat preferences. Study sites were meadows surrounding traditional, intensified, and urbanised agricultural lands in the Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area, Japan. Forest-associated Eucera nipponensis were significantly fewer in consolidated and urbanised meadows than traditional meadows, whereas open land-associated E. spurcatipes exhibited the opposite. A significant negative relationship between their abundances was also found. Both species foraged on legume flowers most frequently (83.5%), but floral use pattern was significantly different in traditional and consolidated meadows. Bee species preferring stable habitats were vulnerable to land consolidation and urbanisation, while species associated with disturbed habitats maintained or increased population size in meadows with the land-use changes. Thus, recent land uses may have different impacts on species with different habitat preferences.