Integrating entomopathogenic nematodes into sustainable organic potato farming through a three-stage release technology

Abstract

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) play a crucial role as biocontrol agents in organic agriculture, targeting various pests, including potato pests. This study aimed to integrate EPNs into sustainable organic potato cultivation through an innovative three-stage release technology. The efficacy of Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was evaluated using three different application methods: 1) waterless release through alginate capsules, 2) mixing multiple isolates in an aqueous suspension, and 3) field distribution via Agrotis segetum larvae. The pathogenic potential of the EPNs was assessed based on pest mortality rates and their persistence under different conditions. Results indicated that alginate capsules extended EPN activity by up to 30%, while the aqueous suspension increased pest mortality by 20%. Nematodes distributed via Agrotis segetum larvae achieved the highest mortality rates, providing direct pest targeting. Among the tested methods, S. feltiae exhibited up to 96.3% efficacy against potato pests under laboratory conditions, while H. bacteriophora demonstrated 86.4% efficacy in field trials. The three-stage release technology proved to be a sustainable and effective approach for pest management in organic potato cultivation, making it a promising strategy for broader implementation.