Unraveling the Mechanistic Links Between Blood Pressure Regulation and Calcium-Magnesium Homeostasis: Insights into Hypertension, Hyperparathyroidism, and Mineral Disorders

The systems regulating blood pressure and calcium-magnesium (Ca2+-Mg2+) homeostasis are increasingly recognized to have significant, clinically relevant interactions, where alterations in one can lead to significant changes in the other. In this study, we developed a computational model integrating blood pressure regulation and Ca2{square}-Mg2{square} homeostasis in a male rat. We simulated various conditions, including hypertension, Ca2{square}, Mg2{square}, and vitamin D3 deficiencies, and primary hyperparathyroidism. Simulations of hypertension, induced by various stimuli like increased renin or aldosterone secretion, demonstrated significant effects on parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol, renal Ca2{square}/Mg2{square} handling, and bone resorption. Dietary Ca2{square}, Mg2{square}, and vitamin D3 deficiencies elevated mean arterial pressure, with Mg2{square} deficiency having a stronger effect. Furthermore, the model predicted that primary hyperparathyroidism elevates PTH, Ca2{square}, and calcitriol, leading to increased mean arterial pressure and bone loss. Overall, this model provides valuable insights into the mechanistic links between blood pressure regulation and Ca2{square}-Mg2{square} homeostasis, offering insights into clinical conditions like hypertension and hyperparathyroidism.