Molecular Landscape of the Mouse Adrenal Gland and Adjacent Adipose by Spatial Transcriptomics

Abstract

The adrenal glands play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and managing stress through the production and secretion of steroid hormones. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms underlying adrenal zonation and cellular differentiation remain poorly understood. By employing spatial transcriptomics, this study has mapped the adult CD1 IGS mouse adrenal gland, thereby identifying unique genetic markers of zonal differentiation and dynamic cellular interactions. Five cellular clusters, corresponding to the cortex and medulla compartments, were identified, along with two adipose tissue clusters (brown and white). These findings confirm the centripetal differentiation model, highlighting the gradual transition of cell populations from the capsule through cortical zones. Through ligand-receptor interaction analysis, a complex regulatory network governing inter- and intra-zone communication was identified, thereby emphasising the adrenal glands central role in integrating endocrine and neuroendocrine signals, particularly in response to stress. This comprehensive spatial transcriptomic map of the adult mouse adrenal gland provides original insights into adrenal biology and constitutes a valuable resource for future research.