Hidden Structural States of Proteins Revealed by Conformer Selection with AlphaFold-NMR

We introduce AlphaFold-NMR, a novel approach to NMR structure determination that reveals previously undetected protein conformational states. Unlike conventional NMR methods that rely on NOE-derived spatial restraints, AlphaFold-NMR combines AI-driven conformational sampling with Bayesian scoring of realistic protein models against NOESY and chemical shift data. This method uncovers alternative conformational states of the enzyme Gaussia luciferase, involving large-scale changes in the lid, binding pockets, and other surface cavities. It also identifies similar yet distinct conformational states of the human tumor suppressor Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2-Associated Protein 1. These studies demonstrate the potential of AI-based modeling with enhanced sampling to generate diverse structural models followed by conformer selection and validation with experimental data as an alternative to traditional restraint-satisfaction protocols for protein NMR structure determination. The AlphaFold-NMR framework enables discovery of conformational heterogeneity and cryptic pockets that conventional NMR analysis methods do not distinguish, providing new insights into protein structure-function relationships. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=169 SRC="FIGDIR/small/600902v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (59K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d52566org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8a8c14org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f28ffeorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cba82a_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG