In-situ quality monitoring during embedded bioprinting using integrated microscopy and classical computer vision

Abstract

Despite significant advances in bioprinting technology, current hardware platforms lack the capability for process monitoring and quality control. This limitation hampers the translation of the technology into industrial GMP-compliant manufacturing settings. To address this, we developed a novel bioprinting platform integrating a high-resolution camera for in-situ monitoring of extrusion outcomes during embedded bioprinting. Leveraging classical computer vision and image analysis techniques, we then created a custom software module for assessing print quality. This module enables quantitative comparison of printer outputs to input CAD models, measuring area and positional accuracy. To showcase the platforms capabilities, we then investigated how the rheological properties of granular support hydrogels impact print quality during embedded bioprinting. Our results demonstrated that lower viscosity, faster thixotropy recovery, and smaller particle sizes significantly enhance print fidelity. This novel bioprinting platform, equipped with integrated process monitoring, holds great potential for establishing robust, reliable, and auditable biofabrication processes for industrial applications.