Docking studies in targeting proteins involved in cardiovascular disorders using phytocompounds from Terminalia arjuna

Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight and Arnot (T. arjuna) commonly known as Arjuna has been known for its cardiotonic nature in heart failure, ischemic, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardium necrosis and also has been used in the treatment of different human disorders such as blood diseases, anaemia and viral diseases. Our focus has been on phytochemicals which do not exhibit any cytotoxicity and have significant cardioprotective activity. Since Protein-Ligand interactions play a key role in structure-based drug design, therefore with the help of molecular docking, we screened 19 phytochemicals present in T. arjuna and investigated their binding affinity against different cardiovascular target proteins. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of target cardiovascular proteins were retrieved from Protein Data Bank, and docked with 3D Pubchem structures of 19 phytochemicals using Autodock vina. Molecular docking and drug-likeness studies were made using ADMET properties while Lipinskis rule of five was performed for the phytochemicals to evaluate their cardio protective activity. Among all selected phytocompounds, arjunic acid, arjungenin, and terminic acid were found to fulfill all ADMET rules, drug likeness, and are less toxic in nature. Our studies, therefore revealed that these three phytochemicals from T. arjuna can be used as promising candidates for developing broad spectrum drugs against cardiovascular diseases.