Surface texture guides egg-laying decisions in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

Abstract

Mosquitoes undergo development as aquatic larvae and pupae before emerging as terrestrial adults. Accordingly, blood-fed and mated female mosquitoes must select an appropriate egg-laying site to maximize the fitness of their offspring. Female yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) lay their eggs above the waterline of small containers or natural bodies of water, where they can remain dormant for many months until they are submerged and hatch. Here, we show that female mosquitoes use surface texture as a powerful cue to guide egg-laying decisions, selecting rougher textures over smooth when choosing among containers and when selecting specific sites within a given substrate. In addition, we identify an interaction between substrate texture and water salinity with respect to egg-laying decisions, demonstrating that female mosquitoes integrate competing cues to determine the ultimate suitability of an egg-laying site. Finally, we explore the dynamics of local egg-laying search behaviour, demonstrating that texture modulates traversal speed while mosquitoes search for appropriate egg-laying sites.