The distribution of the Lansing Effect across animal species

Maternal senescence is a reduction in individual performance associated with an increase in its mothers age at conception. When manifested on adult lifespan, this is known as the Lansing Effect. Single-species studies report both maternal age-related increases and decreases in adult lifespan, but no comprehensive review of the literature has yet determined if the Lansing Effect is a widespread phenomenon. To address this knowledge gap, we performed a meta-analysis of maternal aging rates taken from all available published studies. We recovered 74 estimates from 20 studies representing 14 species. All studies taken together suggest a propensity for a Lansing Effect with an estimated average effect of maternal age on adult lifespan of between -22% to -17% (the lifespan response to an increase in maternal age expressed in the same time units), depending upon our specific choice of model. We failed to find a significant effect of animal class or insect order, but given the oversampling of insect species in the published literature and the paucity of vertebrate studies, we infer that only rotifers and insects demonstrate a tendency for expressing the phenomenon.