Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 variants by continuous and intermittent irradiation with a deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) device

Abstract

More than 1 year has passed since social activities have been restricted due to the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More recently, novel SARS-CoV-2 variants have been spreading around the world, and there is growing concern of higher transmissibility of the variants and weaker protective efficacy of vaccine against the variants. Immediate measures are needed to reduce human exposure to the virus. In this study, the antiviral efficacy of deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) irradiation (280 {+/-} 5 nm, 3.75 mW/cm2) against three SARS-CoV-2 variants was evaluated. For the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 strains, the infectious titer reduction rates of 96.3%, 94.6%, and 91.9%, respectively, were already recognized with the irradiation of virus stocks for 1 s, and the rates increased to 99.9%, 99.9%, and 99.8%, respectively, with irradiation for 5 s. We also tested the effect of pulsed DUV-LED irradiation (7.5 mW/cm2, duty rate: 50%, frequency: 1 KHz) under the same output conditions as continuous irradiation, and found that the antiviral efficacy of pulsed and continuous irradiation was the same. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may be instantly inactivated by DUV-LED irradiation if the DUV-LED device is further developed and optimized to increase its output.