Super-Resolution Imaging by Dual Iterative Structured Illumination Microscopy

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) multicolor super-resolution imaging in the 50-100 nm range in fixed and living cells remains challenging. We extend the resolution of structured illumination microscopy (SIM) by an improved nonlinear iterative reconstruction algorithm that enables 3D multicolor imaging with improved spatiotemporal resolution at low illumination intensities. We demonstrate the performance of dual iterative SIM (diSIM) imaging cellular structures in fixed cells including synaptonemal complexes, clathrin coated pits and the actin cytoskeleton with lateral resolutions of 60-100 nm with standard fluorophores. Furthermore, we visualize dendritic spines in 70 {micro}m thick brain slices with an axial resolution < 200 nm. Finally, we image dynamics of the endoplasmatic reticulum and microtubules in living cells with up to 255 frames/s.