Treatment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with cigarette smoke extract causes vacuolar fragmentation to combat cigarette smoke-induced cellular toxicity
Aditya Shukla, Srimonti Sarkar, Alok Kumar Sil
This study shows that cigarette smoke extract induces vacuolar fragmentation in yeast to combat oxidative stress and misfolded proteins, but excessive fragmentation leads to cellular toxicity.
Frontiers in Toxicology · Jul 22, 2026Peer-reviewedCell Biology