Activation of Toll and IMD pathways in the Drosophila brain following local and systemic bacterial infection
Sameekshya Mainali, Isaac Toles, Paige Magid, Jordan Grammer, Lauren Harper, Elizabeth Kitchens, Kaitlin Davis, Stanislava Chtarbanova
This study shows that bacterial brain infection in Drosophila activates Toll and IMD immune pathways in the brain, with glia as the primary responders, and that these responses persist even after bacterial clearance.
Developmental & Comparative Immunology · May 19, 2026Peer-reviewedImmunology