Parallel tracking by sequencing reveals the impact of restriction modification systems on transfer of an integrative and conjugative element
Emily Gee, Ryan D. Kuster, Dawn M. Klingeman, Joshua K. Michener
The paper develops ICE-seq, a sequencing-based method to track ICE transfer in complex communities, showing RM systems can alter transfer rates by up to 10,000-fold.
bioRxiv · Feb 2, 2026 · PreprintMicrobiology