ColiFormer: A Transformer-Based Codon Optimization Model Balancing Multiple Objectives for Enhanced E. coli Gene Expression
Saketh Baddam, Omar Emam, Abdelrahman Elfikky, Francesco Cavarretta, George Luka, Ibrahim Farag, Yasser M. Sanad
ColiFormer improves E. coli gene expression by balancing multiple codon optimization objectives using a transformer model, outperforming existing methods in CAI, tAI, and cis-regulatory element reduction.
Bioengineering · Jan 19, 2026Peer-reviewedBioinformatics