Adaptive Charge Modulation Enables Focal, Selective Spinal Cord Stimulation
Ritwik Vatsyayan, Fadi Khoury, Tara S. Porter, Eleni Sinopoulou, Hadi Day, Samantha M. Russman, Rhea Montgomery‐Walsh, Kaushik Shukla, Helen Saad, Andrew M. Bourhis, Alec Salcido, Carly Shevinsky, Jihwan Lee, Karen J. Tonsfeldt, Akira Nagamori, , Shadi A. Dayeh
This study introduces Adaptive Charge Modulation (ACM) for spinal cord stimulation, achieving focal activation at deep tissue sites with reduced surface activation and muscle co-activation.
bioRxiv · Jun 18, 2026 · PreprintBioengineering