Fatal Leptospirosis in Southern Sea Otters from Central California: Pathologic Findings and Detection of Leptospira interrogans
Margaret E. Martinez, Pádraig J. Duignan, Katherine C. Prager, Cara L. Field, Mary E. Gomes, Rinosh Mani, Lilian P. Carswell, Martin Tim Tinker, Joseph A. Tomoleoni, Michael Murray, Ri K. Chang, James O. Lloyd‐Smith, Melissa Miller
This study investigates leptospirosis in southern sea otters, finding that 74% tested positive for Leptospira interrogans serogroup Pomona, with 70% of positive cases linked to fatal outcomes.
Frontiers in Marine Science · Jul 20, 2026Peer-reviewedPathology