Movement responses to lethal risk: an integrative analysis of proactive and reactive antipredator behaviours in a large herbivore
Charlotte Vanderlocht, Benjamin Robira, Andrea Corradini, Simone Dal Farra, Federico Ossi, Davide Righetti, Heidi C. Hauffe, Luca Pedrotti, Francesca Cagnacci
This study examines how red deer balance proactive and reactive antipredator behaviors in response to human hunting, showing that proaction dominates in predictable risk scenarios while reaction becomes critical when risk is unavoidable.
Movement Ecology · Aug 7, 2025Peer-reviewedEcology