Rapid appearance of negative emotion during oral fentanyl self-administration in male and female rats
Kevin R. Coffey, William B. Nickelson, Aliyah J. Dawkins, John F. Neumaier
This paper develops an oral fentanyl self-administration model in rats to study emotional shifts during drug use, finding rapid transitions from positive to negative reinforcement within sessions.
Addiction Biology · Nov 8, 2023Peer-reviewedNeuroscience