Sleep spindle state-dependent motor cortical plasticity induction by EEG-triggered ripple burst TMS
Zhijian Zhao, Yeyun Lu, Friederike Breuer, Til Ole Bergmann, Ulf Ziemann
This study uses EEG-triggered rTMS during specific sleep spindle states to induce motor cortical plasticity, finding that spindle-trough stimulation consistently reduces corticospinal excitability.
bioRxiv · Sep 4, 2026 · PreprintNeuroscience