Tropical montane and temperate hummingbirds incubate in small installments over long periods
Justin W. Baldwin, Mario Agustín Loaiza Muñoz, Juliana Sandoval‐H, Scott K. Robinson, Ari E. Martínez, Gustavo Adolfo Londoño
The paper examines how temperature and nest survival influence incubation behavior in hummingbirds across elevational gradients, finding that cold temperatures lead to more frequent, shorter incubation bouts and longer incubation periods.
bioRxiv · Jun 19, 2025 · PreprintEcology